A cesspool is an underground pit that collects and stores wastewater from a home’s plumbing system. Unlike modern septic tanks, cesspools do not have a filtration system, which means waste can seep into the surrounding soil. Cesspools were once common, and many older homes still have them—often without the homeowner knowing.
Over time, cesspools can become a serious problem, leading to foul odors, slow drains, backups, and even groundwater contamination. Knowing how cesspools work, their risks, and proper maintenance can help you avoid costly repairs and health hazards.
How Does a Cesspool Work?
A cesspool also known as a cesspit is a shallow underground system designed for the disposal of sanitary waste. Typically built as a concrete cylinder with perforated sides and an open bottom, it allows wastewater to filter out into the soil. These systems are commonly used for waste from toilets, sinks, and washing machines, but they don’t treat solid waste, only handling liquid waste.
The process begins when waste flows into the cesspool and separates into organic and inorganic solids. Organic solids float to the surface, while inorganic solids sink. Bacteria naturally break down the organic matter, liquefying it. The clarified liquid then passes through the perforated walls and percolates into the surrounding soil, where it remains.
The Difference Between Cesspool and Septic Tank
A cesspool is a simple underground pit that collects wastewater but doesn’t filter it, allowing liquid to seep into the surrounding soil. Over time, this can lead to contamination and drainage issues. In contrast, a septic tank has separate compartments that break down waste, allowing solids to settle while treated liquid flows into a drain field.
Septic tanks are more advanced and eco-friendly, treating waste before releasing water into the soil. Cesspools need frequent maintenance and pose health risks, leading to bans in many areas. Homeowners are encouraged to switch to septic systems for safer wastewater management, fewer issues, and long-term cost savings.
7 Common Problems with Cesspool
Based on the CDC, contaminated water from cesspools can spread harmful bacteria, making proper care essential to protect health and property.Thus, homeowners should be aware of the common problems with cesspools.
1. Slow Drains and Frequent Backups
If your sinks, toilets, or showers drain slowly, it could mean your cesspool is full or clogged. Waste buildup blocks water flow, leading to slow drainage and frequent backups. According to plumbing experts, untreated backups can cause extensive damage and lead to costly repairs, averaging $250 to $1,000 per fix.
To prevent this, schedule regular cesspool pumping every 3–5 years. Avoid flushing grease, wipes, and non-biodegradable items, which can cause blockages. Installing a septic-safe filter can also help trap solids before they enter the cesspool. If backups persist, a professional inspection is needed to adhere to further plumbing issues.
2. Foul Odors Around Your Home
A strong sewage smell inside or outside your home signals cesspool trouble. Decomposing waste releases gases like hydrogen sulfide and methane, which produce a foul odor. The EPA warns that prolonged exposure to these gases can cause headaches, dizziness, and respiratory issues, making it essential to address the problem quickly.
To eliminate odors, have your cesspool inspected and pumped regularly. Adding bacterial treatments can improve waste breakdown, reducing gas buildup. Properly sealing the cesspool cover and fixing leaks can also help. If the smell persists, it could indicate a major issue, requiring immediate professional attention.
3. Pooling Water in the Yard
Wet, smelly patches in your yard may mean your cesspool is overflowing or leaking. When waste overflows, untreated sewage can surface, creating health risks. The CDC states that exposure to raw sewage increases the risk of bacterial infections, skin irritation, and gastrointestinal illnesses.
Prevent pooling water by monitoring your yard for soggy spots and bad odors. Reduce excess water use to avoid overloading the system. If pooling water appears, schedule an inspection immediately. Ignoring the issue can lead to environmental contamination and expensive cesspool repairs.
4. Unusually Green or Fast-Growing Grass
If the grass around your cesspool looks greener and healthier than other areas, it may be absorbing excess wastewater. While this might seem beneficial, it actually signals a leakage problem. A leaking cesspool releases untreated waste into the soil, which can contaminate groundwater and harm the environment.
To eliminate further damage, have your cesspool inspected for leaks or cracks. Switching to a modern septic system can improve wastewater treatment and reduce soil contamination. Proper maintenance, including pumping and monitoring for leaks, can help protect both your property and nearby water sources.
5. Frequent Plumbing Issues
Recurring toilet clogs, gurgling drains, or water backing up into sinks are signs of a struggling cesspool. Blockages and excess waste buildup prevent proper drainage. The National Association of Home Builders states that neglected cesspools can fail completely within 20–30 years, requiring full replacement at an average cost of $3,000 to $10,000.
To avoid major repairs, address plumbing issues early. Regular cesspool maintenance, proper waste disposal, and reducing excess water use can extend its lifespan. If plumbing issues persist despite basic fixes, call a professional to inspect the cesspool and mitigate system failure.
6. Contaminated Well Water
If your home uses well water and tests show bacterial contamination, your cesspool may be leaking harmful waste. The EPA states that nitrates and bacteria from cesspools can pollute drinking water, increasing the risk of waterborne illnesses like E. coli infections.
To ensure safe drinking water, test your well regularly. If contamination is detected, inspect your cesspool for leaks and consider upgrading to a septic system. Installing a water filtration system can help, but fixing the cesspool issue is the most effective long-term solution to prevent further contamination.
Cesspool Maintenance Tips
To keep your cesspool tank in good condition, you need to take care of it regularly. A well-maintained cesspool tank prevents bad smells and blockages. Regular care helps it work properly for a long time, keeping your home safe and clean.
- Fix any leaking faucets or running toilets immediately to prevent excess water from overloading your cesspool and causing premature issues.
- Install low-flow faucets and WaterSense showerheads to reduce the amount of wastewater entering your cesspool, improving efficiency and longevity.
- Avoid flushing wipes, paper towels, grease, or food scraps down drains to prevent blockages and slow cesspool overfilling.
- Make sure downspouts and drainage systems direct water away from your cesspool to reduce the risk of flooding and overflow.
- Schedule professional cesspool pumping every six weeks to three months, depending on your household size and wastewater usage.
Stay Ahead of Cesspool Issues!
Stay informed about your wastewater system—cesspools can lead to serious problems if neglected. Regular maintenance and knowing local laws can help prevent costly repairs and environmental damage. One share could save someone thousandsFound this information helpful? Share it so others can protect their homes from cesspool disasters.
Don’t wait for costly problems! If you’re dealing with cesspool concerns—maintenance, repairs, or legal issues—Vegas Plumbing Pros has you covered. Stay ahead of cesspool issues– contact us now and protect your home before it’s too late!
FAQS
How do I know if I have a cesspool or septic tank
A septic tank is an upgrade from a sewer cesspool. Unlike a cesspool, it has two pipe connections—an inlet for wastewater entry and an outlet for treated flow. Inside, a partition called a baffle helps separate solids from liquids, improving waste management and reducing environmental risks.
What do cesspool looks like?
A cesspool, or sump pit, is an underground chamber made of brick, stone, or concrete. It collects wastewater, sometimes using perforated walls for gradual absorption. Proper cesspool construction ensures durability and prevents leaks. This helps manage wastewater effectively and maintain a safe environment.
Do cesspool needs to be cleaned?
Routine cesspool cleaning is essential for a well-functioning wastewater system. It helps prevent clogs, maintains proper drainage, and prolongs the system’s lifespan. Regular maintenance not only keeps your cesspool efficient but also spares you from expensive repairs and unexpected hassles.
What is the lifespan of the cesspool?
A cesspool typically lasts between 20 to 30 years, though its lifespan varies based on construction materials and maintenance. Proper care, including routine inspections and pumping, can extend its durability, while neglect or poor-quality materials may lead to early failure. Environmental factors also influence how long a cesspool remains functional.
